ISLAMIC THOUGHT (MAARIF ISLAMI) BOOK ONE

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First Pages a1
PREFACE 11
FOREWORD 13
Introduction: Religion in the Modern World 17
Rationalism 19
Empiricism 20
Scienticism 21
Humanism 22
Cognition Crisis 23
Moral Crises 25
Mental Crises 27
Technology 29
The Role of Religion in Solving Crises 31
Religion and the Knowledge Crisis 32
Religion and Moral Crises 33
Religion and Mental Crises 0
Religion and the Technology Crisis 34
CHAPTER ONE: GOD, HUMANITY, AND THE WORLD 37
Section One: In Search of the Object of Devotion 39
History of Worship 0
The Perfection and Excellence of Islamic Theology 40
A Glimpse of Mundane Religious Theology 41
Why Theology? 45
The Methods of Realizing God 46
I. The Way of the Heart 47
Religious Experience 50
The Quran and Innate Cognition of God 53
II. The Way of Experience 55
“Evidential Understanding” in the Quran and Traditions 56
III. The Way of Intellect 58
The Kalām Cosmological Argument 60
The Quran and the Need of Contingents towards God 65
Section Two: The Path to “Him” 67
Understanding the Nature of God and His Attributes 68
The Methods of Understanding God 70
Understanding Divine Attributes 71
Purity and Understandability of Divine Attributes in the Quran 73
1. Unity 75
Theoretical and Applied Monotheism 76
2. Divine Knowledge 77
God’s Prior Knowledge and Humanity’s Free Will 0
The Perspective of Quran and Traditions regarding Divine Knowledge 0
The Absolute and Infinite Knowledge of God 78
3. Divine Power 80
Illimitability of God’s Power and the Omnipotence Paradox 81
Divine Power in the Quran and Traditions 84
4. Divine Life 85
Divine Life according to the Quran and Traditions 86
5. Past and Future Eternality 87
Past and Future Eternality of God in the Quran and Traditions 88
6. Divine Wisdom 90
Divine Wisdom and Evil 93
a) Fulfillment of the Potential of Humanity 94
b) Divine Trials 0
c) Awakening 95
d) Appreciation of Divine Blessings 96
7. Divine Justice 98
The Definition of Justice 99
General Categorization of Divine Justice 0
Divine Justice in the Holy Quran 100
Several Questions and Answers regarding Theodicy 101
Apophatic Attributes [ṣifat-e salbī] 104
1. Negation of Corporeality 0
2. Transcendence of Space and Direction 105
3. Negation of Incarnation 0
4. Negation of Unity with Others 106
5. Negation of Visual Perception 0
Section Three: Anthropology 107
Various Branches of Anthropology 0
The Importance of Anthropology 108
The Creation of the Human Race 109
Aspects of Humanity’s Being 110
Humans and Animals 112
The Elect of Creation 114
The Other Side of the Coin 118
Compulsion or Free Will 120
An Ancient Question 0
Islamic Theology and Free Will 121
Quran and Free Will 125
Human Perfection (Teleology) 126
Worship and the Complete Human 131
Ṣalāt, the Most Beautiful Aspect of Worshiping the Divine 132
Secrets of Ṣalāt 134
1. Wuḍū 0
2. Call to Prayer [Adhān wa Iqāmah] 0
3. Standing Motionless [qīyām] 136
4. Intention [nīyyat] 137
5. Recitation [qirā’at] 138
6. Bowing [rukū‘] 139
7. Prostration [sajdah] 140
8. Testimony [tashahud] 0
9. Salaam 0
Section Four: Cosmology [jahān shināsī] 143
Religious and Scientific Cosmology 144
The Invisible [ghayb] and the Manifest [shahādat] 145
The Justness [ḥaqq madārī] of the World 147
Finality of Creation 149
Best Possible System 0
Intrinsic Consciousness and Universal Praise [tasbīḥ-e ‘umūmī] 150
God and the Universe 152
Unity in Action 153
The Natural World 154
1. The Heavens and the Earth 155
2. Celestial Bodies 157
3. Terrestrial Phenomena 158
4. Plants and Animals 159
The Supernatural World 160
1. Angels 0
2. Jinn 163
3. Satan [shaytān] 165
CHAPTER TWO: THE RESURRECTION (ESCHATOLOGY) 169
Introduction 171
In Quest for an Answer 173
Eschatology and Anthropology 177
Section One: The Human Essence 179
Duality of Humans and Our Rationale 181
Incorporeality of the Soul 183
Aspects of Human Existence in the Quran 185
Commentary and Interpretation 186
Section Two: Death 189
Nature of Death 0
Death as stated by the Quran and Hadith 192
Fear of Death 194
Religion and Fear of Death 196
Section Three: Philosophical Approaches to Human Immortality 201
1. The Unincorporated [nāmutajassid] Soul 203
2. Metempsychosis (Reincarnation) 204
3. Life in the Barzakh and Qīyāmat (Resurrection) 207
The Quality of Immortality according to Islam 208
Barzakh 0
Barzakh Body 211
Ākhirat Life 212
Ākhirat Body 214
Section Four: Life in the Hereafter as stated by the Quran 217
The Possibility and Necessity of Resurrection 0
A. Possibility of the Resurrection 0
B. Necessity of the Resurrection 221
Depiction of the Ākhirat in the Quran 224
1. The Events Prior to the Resurrection 225
2. Winding the Horn 226
3. Advent of Ākhirat Life 227
4. The Reckoning of Deeds 0
Further Reading 228
5. Witnesses of Deeds 230
6. Retribution 231
7. Hell [jahannam] 233
8. Paradise 234

صفحه

First Pages




بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

In the Name of Allah,
the All-beneficent, the All-merciful






صفحه

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